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Glossary of Terms
Antioxidants
A vitamin, mineral or phytonutrient that helps to
neutralize (destroy) free radicals, unstable oxygen
molecules generated during metabolism of food and
as a result of stress and exposure to pollution. It is
believed that antioxidants may play a role in slowing
the aging process and preventing cancer. An example
of a vitamin antioxidant is vitamin C. An example of
a phytonutrient with antioxidant properties is lutein.
Body Frame
A frame of reference of skeletal size that helps guide
people of any given height to determine their ideal
body weight dependent upon their bone structure.
For example, a woman who is 5’4” with a small
body frame would have a target weight range of 117
to 130 lbs., while a 5’4” large-framed woman would
have an ideal body weight of 137 to 155 lbs.
Botanicals
A component of a plant (herb, fruit or vegetable)
that has been shown to have some nutritional
benefit. An example of a botanical would be citrus
bioflavonoids found in an orange.
Calorie
A unit of energy-producing potential supplied by
food and released upon oxidation by the body,
equal to the amount of energy required to raise the
temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1°C
Carbohydrates
The body’s principal source of energy and can be
divided into three main categories: simple carbohydrates
(sugars), complex carbohydrates (starches)
and fiber. Most fruits, vegetables and dairy products
contain natural sugars. Complex carbohydrates
include grains, such as bread and rice and starchy
vegetables, such as potatoes and beans. Fiber is a
large group of plant compounds that essentially
cannot be digested by humans, but are important in
supporting healthy digestive function.
Lean Body Mass
A measurement excluding your body fat that has
been shown to be useful in determining resting
metabolic rate (RMR). For every 1 pound of lean
body mass, your body burns approximately 14
calories.
Minerals
Inorganic compounds essential to a host of vital
processes in the body from bone formation to the
functioning of the heart and digestive system. Seven
minerals – calcium, chlorine, magnesium, phosphorus,
potassium, sodium, and sulfur – are called
macrominerals because they are present in the body
in relatively large quantities. The other minerals
are termed trace minerals because they are necessary
in relatively minute quantities. Trace minerals
include copper, iron, zinc, manganese, iodine, and
chromium.
Protein
Protein constitutes 75% of our body’s tissues,
excluding water. Muscles, organs, antibodies, and
most hormones and enzymes are largely composed
of protein. Protein is actually a chain of amino acids.
“Essential” amino acids are amino acids that we
must obtain from food sources, as our body does not
manufacture them. The “non-essential” amino acids
can be manufactured within our bodies.
Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR)
The number of calories that your body burns at
rest. For example, if all you did all day was sit on
the couch and just breathe, your RMR would be the
number of calories your body burns in the course of
the day.
Soy Protein
Pure protein isolated from soybeans that is cholesterol,
lactose, and fat free.
Target Weight
A person’s healthiest weight; it can be estimated
based on an individual’s body frame, height and
gender.
Vitamins
Organic substance required by the body to regulate
cellular function. Vitamins affect all functions of the
body, including promoting good vision, forming
normal blood cells, and ensuring proper functioning
of the heart and nervous system.
Whey Protein
Protein isolated from milk; lactose-free.
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Get your Protein!
In higher-protein diets, when combined with
exercise, dieters tend to lose fat rather than muscle.
- Journal of Nutrition, 2005
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